Assignments and Notice

  Passage: Understanding the Concept of Ratio and Proportion A ratio is a way to compare two quantities of the same kind. For example, if a class has 20 boys and 25 girls, the ratio of boys to girls is 20:25 , which can be simplified to 4:5 . This means that for every 4 boys, there are 5 girls. Ratios help us understand relationships between quantities in a simple way. When two ratios are equal, they are said to be in proportion . For example, if the ratio of boys to girls in one class is 4:5 and in another class is 8:10, then these two ratios are proportional because 4/5 = 8/10. Proportions are very useful in solving problems related to maps, recipes, and scale drawings. Ratios and proportions are also used in real life. For instance, when mixing paints to get a certain color, preparing medicine, or comparing speeds, ratios and proportions help us keep things in the correct balance. Understanding them helps students apply math in daily life situations. Questions: What...

  Passage: Importance of Local Government Local government is the government that operates at the community or village level. It helps to solve local problems and make decisions that affect the daily lives of people. In Nepal, there are three levels of government — federal, provincial, and local. The local government includes municipalities and rural municipalities. Local governments are responsible for providing basic services like clean drinking water, sanitation, education, and health care. They also build roads, manage waste, and maintain local markets. The head of a local government is usually called the mayor or chairperson, who is elected by the people. Local governments play an important role in making democracy stronger. They allow citizens to participate directly in decision-making and development activities. When people work together with their local leaders, their community becomes cleaner, safer, and more developed. Questions: What are the three levels...

  Passage: Understanding Compounds and Chemical Reactions Everything around us is made up of matter — and matter is made of elements. When two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed ratio, they form a compound . For example, water (H₂O) is a compound made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is formed when carbon and oxygen combine in a fixed proportion. Compounds have different properties from the elements they are made of. For instance, hydrogen and oxygen are gases, but when they combine, they form liquid water. A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances (called reactants ) change to form new substances (called products ). During a reaction, the atoms in the reactants rearrange themselves to create new combinations, but no atoms are lost or gained — this is known as the law of conservation of mass . For example, when hydrogen burns in oxygen, it produces water: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O In this reaction, hydrogen and oxyge...